亚洲1型口蹄疫病毒L蛋白缺失株的构建及其生物学定性

为确定口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)L蛋白缺失对其生物学特性的影响,本研究在已建立的Asia1型FMDV反向遗传操作平台基础上,利用融合PCR方法缺失L蛋白基因编码区,构建了缺失L蛋白的重组Asia1型FMDV(rFMDV-ΔL)。拯救病毒的一步生长曲线结果表明,rFMDV-ΔL与亲本病毒相比在BHK-21细胞中的复制水平下降10倍,乳鼠毒力试验表明rFMDV-ΔL的毒力比亲本毒株下降6倍。另外,rFMDV-ΔL在BHK-21细胞上产生病变的速度明显变慢,形成蚀斑的时间延长,致乳鼠死亡所需时间也比亲本毒株明显延长。本研究是关于亚洲1型FMDVL蛋白结构与功能研究的首次报道,为亚洲1型FMDVL蛋白结构与功能的研究奠定了基础。     

β-环糊精对毒死蜱的分子识别研究

为研究β-环糊精(β-Cyclodextrin, β-CD)在农药高效利用和环境保护等领域中应用的可行性,本试验采用研磨法、超声波法和饱和水溶液法制备了β-CD与毒死蜱的包合物,并利用紫外光谱、差示热分析和红外光谱法分析验证了包合物的形成以及毒死蜱在β-CD溶液中的包结行为。结果表明饱和水溶液法的包合效果最佳,包合率达到45.8%;最佳条件为：投料比为1：1（摩尔比）,恒温搅拌时间为3h,包合温度为60℃;验证结果表明反应形成了包合比为1：1的包合物,且稳定常数为K=33.33 L/mol,吉布斯函数△G =-8.69 KJ/mol;本试验证明了β-CD能够对毒死蜱产生包合作用,毒死蜱分子部分功能基团进入了β-CD空腔,并形成了稳定包合物。     

Morphological and cytological studies of diploid and colchicine-induced tetraploid lines of crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.)

The tips of cotyledon-stage seedlings of three crape myrtle cultivars (“Zi Wei”, “Hong Wei” and “Yin Wei”) were treated with colchicine. Various concentrations of colchicine and different treatment durations were tested. Seedlings of “Zi Wei” treated with 0.5% colchicine for 72 h and seedlings of “Yin Wei” treated with colchicine (0.2% for 96 h, 0.5% for 48 h and 0.8% for 72 h) demonstrated high rates of mutation; “Hong Wei” showed a slightly lower rate. The highest rate of morphological variation was 54.17% and this was achieved when tips were treated with 0.5% colchicine for 72 h. Putative tetraploid plants were identified with morphological and cytological variations, such as larger and thicker leaves, darker green coloration, larger stomata, lower density of stomata across the lower leaf epidermis and increased numbers of chloroplasts per stomata guard cell. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the nuclear DNA content of 15 of these putative tetraploids (of which 7 were “Zi Wei”, 5 were “Yin Wei”, and 3 were “Hong Wei”) was indeed doubled relative to that of control diploid plants. The chromosome number of the tetraploid plants was 2n = 4x = 96, while that of the control diploid plants was 2n = 2x = 48. Ornamental characteristics were also enhanced in the tetraploid plants, with increased diameter of the individual flowers and greater basal length of the petals and claws. Pollen diameter and the size of capsules and seeds were also significantly greater than those of diploid plants.     

Prokaryotic Expression, Purification and Characterization of a Novel Rice Seed Lipoxygenase Gene OsLOX1

Lipoxygenase (LOX, EC1.13.11.12) is a key enzyme during the degradation of lipids in animals and even plants, and also the first key enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of jasmonate. To purify and characterize the OsLOX1 gene from rice seeds, the entire coding region of the OsLOX1 gene was inserted into an expression vector pET30a(+) and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Expression of the fusion protein was successfully induced by isopropyl-β-D- thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and the purified ...     

小麦TaSPX129基因的分子特征及其在非生物逆境下的表达模式

在前期构建的富集丰磷逆境特异表达小麦根系cDNA差减文库中,鉴定了1个SPX家族基因成员TaSPX129(GenBank登录号:EF522137)。TaSPX129的开放阅读框为1 320bp,编码一条由439个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质多肽链,该预测蛋白中含有植物保守的SPX基序。系统进化分析表明,TaSPX129与大麦和二穗短柄草的SPX基因具有较高同源性,推测上述基因可能具有相似的进化途径。对TaSPX129与其他植物种属中的同源蛋白进行聚类分析,该小麦SPX成员属于SPX-MFS亚家族。与丰磷对照相比,低磷处理后小麦根系中TaSPX129的表达水平下降。此外,TaSPX129对低氮和高盐逆境也明显应答,表现为根系中该基因的表达水平明显下降。本研究表明,TaSPX129在转录水平上对低磷等逆境产生应答,为探索该基因介导植株抵御非生物胁迫的机制打下基础。     

龙井43号多酚氧化酶同工酶酶学性质研究

以龙井43号[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Ktze.cv.Longjing 43]鲜叶为材料,经分离纯化获得多酚氧化酶-同工酶(PPOⅡ),对其部分酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明,PPOⅡ最适反应pH为6.0;抑制剂抗坏血酸、亚硫酸钠和L-半胱氨酸对PPOⅡ的抑制作用随抑制剂浓度的增加而增强;Cu~(2+)浓度在0.25×10-7mol/L时,PPOⅡ活性最高;PPOⅡ的Km为13.05 mmol/L,v_(max)为0.019 OD_(460)/min。     

阿片受体类型和功能及其在猪脑中的个体发育特点

总结阿片受体类型的研究进展,介绍4种主要类型受体的功能。动物脑中阿片受体的数量以及它们与阿片配体亲和力的改变能够对脑功能的阿片控制或内分泌系统的中枢神经控制产生影响。为明确猪脑中阿片受体的变化,阐述了阿片受体在猪脑中的个体发育特点。     

苎麻优质种质的鉴定与评价

对10份苎麻优质种质和2份对照种质的农艺性状和纤维细度进行了鉴定评价.结果表明,所选材料的农艺性状和品质性状均存在丰富的变异;供试10份优质种质的纤维细度明显高于两对照,而产量却明显低于两对照,其中,安龙苎麻1号的纤维细度达2 038m·g-1,产量达到1 762.71 kg·hm-2,丰产性较好;新民家麻、定业苎麻、龙塘白麻、安龙苎麻2号、奉节梅子线麻、那为苎麻1号产量较低(＞1 050 kg·hm-2),品质较好(纤维细度＞2 100 m·g-1),其他3份优质种质的纤维细度均大于2 200 m·g-1,但产量低(产量≤1 050 kg·hm-2).     

Structure and characterization of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/MMT intercalation nanocomposite (WMNC)

With water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin as an intermediate, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/montmorillonite nanocomposite (WMNC) was prepared through vacuum impregnation and characterized with XRD, SEM, FTIR and TG-DTA analyses. The XRD analysis indicated that the wood crystallinity of WMNC decreased, the MMT exfoliated and some nano silicate layers entered into the non-crystallized microfibrillar region of the wood cell wall. Wood structure is anisotropic and its impregnation is anisotropic. Due to the nonuniformity of the MMT organic modification, PF intercalation and wood impregnation, the MMT configuration and distribution in wood were diverse. The SEM graphs of WMNC showed that some silicate grains were blocked in the wood cell lumen, some silicate layers adhered to the inner surface of the wood cell wall, and some exfoliated MMT layers even penetrated the wood cell wall. The obtained hydroxyl of WMNC increased and its ether linking decreased. It was considered that MMT and wood interacted not only with hydroxyl bonds, but also involved some chemical linking. Compared with untreated wood and the PF-impreg, the pyrolysis process of WMNC changed; its starting decomposing temperature decreased and its pyrolysis weight loss at high temperatures greatly decreased. The WMNC indicated certain nanoeffects of the composition of the inorganic MMT nanolamellae. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(1): 131–135 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

多主棒孢霉对橡胶树的致病性和生物学特性研究

从表现轮斑病的豇豆叶片上分离到病原菌多主棒孢霉(Corynespora cassiicola)。将该菌接种到橡胶树叶片上,9 d后接种的橡胶树叶片表现出橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病症状。表明多主棒孢霉可能可以交叉染橡胶树。通过抑菌效果试验,发现多菌灵对多主棒孢霉有良好的抑菌效果,而丙环唑、代森锰锌和百菌清的抑菌效果不理想。生物学特性研究表明,多主棒孢霉菌丝体生长最适的温度是28~30℃,最适酸碱度为pH 9,最适碳源为麦芽糖,最适氮源为L-组氨酸,菌丝致死温度为56℃。